Geo-electrical Investigation for Groundwater Exploration in Basement Complex Terrain of Kaita Area, Katsina State, Nigeria

Abstract

Geophysical survey using vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out to explore groundwater prospecting areas in Kaita area, Katsina state. Data from nineteen (19) representative VES survey points using Schlumberger array configuration were acquired, processed and interpreted. The results revealed aquifer resistivity range from 26.5 to 4625 Ώm while aquifer thickness ranges between 0.792 to 21.7m.  Depth to aquifer ranges between 1.16 to 22.1 m. The transverse resistance ranges between 0 and 34568.1 Ώm² whereas the range of hydraulic conductivity is 0.147 – 18.171 m/day, likewise the range of transmissivity is 0 – 73.0474 m²/day from the estimated values. Low spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity suggests strong homogeneity of the aquifer system. From the results, it indicates that the greater part of the study area has low groundwater potential. Therefore it is recommended that VES 5 and 9 are suitable sites for borehole drilling which could result in very good yield of water and the depth of 20 - 25m should be targeted for groundwater development.