Intensity, cure rate, and egg reduction rate of intestinal helminth infections among school children in Adamawa Central Zone, Nigeria

Abstract

Intestinal helminth infections remain a major public health problem among school-aged children in developing countries. This study assessed the prevalence, intensity, cure rate, and egg reduction rate (ERR) of intestinal helminth infections among school children in Adamawa Central Zone, Nigeria, following treatment with albendazole and levamisole. A cross-sectional baseline survey followed by an interventional treatment and longitudinal follow-up design was employed in selected Local Government Areas (Fufore, Gombi, Song, and Yola South). Stool samples were collected and examined using standard parasitological techniques, and infection intensity was classified based on eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces according to World Health Organization guidelines. Treatment outcomes were evaluated at one, three, and six months postintervention. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 38.6%, with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most prevalent parasite. Most infections were of low intensity, although moderate and heavy infections were observed, particularly in Song and Yola South LGAs. Albendazole achieved significantly higher cure rates and egg reduction rates for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Ascaris + hookworm co-infections compared with levamisole (p < 0.05). Levamisole recorded relatively higher cure rates for Trichuris trichiura, though the difference was not statistically significant. Despite high short-term efficacy, increased egg counts at six months suggest possible reinfection. The findings support the use of albendazole as the preferred drug for mass deworming programmes, alongside improved sanitation and hygiene interventions.