Factors affecting utilization of primary healthcare services in Talata Mafara Local Government Area, Zamfara State

Abstract

Primary Health Care (PHC) is critical to equitable health outcomes, yet services remain underutilized in rural Nigeria. This study assessed determinants of PHC utilization in Talata Mafara Local Government Area (LGA), Zamfara State, where 55 PHC centers exist. A cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted among 96 adult residents selected through a hybrid sampling technique across five wards. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively in Microsoft Excel. Most respondents (77.1%) resided within 5 km of a PHC facility, with walking as the main means of access. However, visits were infrequent, with 30.3% seeking care only during emergencies. Service quality was rated good or excellent by 74%, yet barriers persisted: high costs (69.8%), cultural and family influence (50%), negative provider attitudes, and long waiting times. These findings highlight a mismatch between perceived service quality and user experience. PHC utilization in Talata Mafara LGA is constrained by affordability, socio-cultural factors, and service delivery challenges despite geographical accessibility. Strengthening PHC requires targeted subsidies, provider training on patient relations, and culturally sensitive community engagement to improve service uptake. Further analytical studies are needed to explore associations beyond descriptive patterns.